In its general sense, "cultural studies" refers to an investigation or analysis of culture; however, in a more specialized sense, it refers to a certain method of research on culture first propounded by Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart in the late 1950s and early 1960s at the Birmingham Center for Contemporary cultural Studies. The approach adopted by the center was distinguished by its interdisciplinary nature, combining a range of approaches including feminism, Marxism and semiotics. In the first section of the paper, the author provides an account of the formation of cultural studies and proceeds to answer the question: What is the contribution of literary criticism to cultural studies? In the second section, considering the general trend in cultural studies to reach beyond the conventional boundaries between the high and popular art, the author analyses two Iranian television commercials, drawing on psychoanalytical, sociological and semiotic concepts. The author also argues that an analogy can be drawn between TV commercials and the short story genre.

The most important way to understand the Islamic approach to formulate cultural policy is studying comparatively the discourses of cultural policy formulation through analysis of their fundamental concepts. "Religion","Culture", "Human" and "Government" are the most important concepts. In this article, the comparative study of the concept of religion in cultural policy formulation discourses is discussed.. In the field of cultural policymaking , there are four approaches of "cultural control", "enterprise", "release" and "service" under the two macro discourses of "mechanical management" and "cultural harmony". "Ideological religiosity","Catholicism","Protestantism" and "popular religiosity" are among the foundations of theology and corresponding to these approaches. In the Islamic view, religion is not defined in the inflexible ideological schools of thought and Catholicism, nor in the personal and superficial schools of thought of Protestantism and popularism؛Rather, religion is present in the life of the general society in a flexible but exalting form .cultural policy by examining the talent of the society, puts a level of religiosity in its agenda، and moves gradually towards higher goals. In this article, the comparative typology of theological views with cultural policy discourses is discussed with the documentary-library method and rational inference.

This article examines shopping theoretical approaches in social sciences. The first approach is formal sociological tradition. In this approach emphasis is on typology of shoppers. In the Second approach, shopping is studied in the light of consumption. Benjamin studies shopping centers as spaces for dominant of bourgeoisie. The other approach is cultural studies. In this tradition emphasis is on shopping itself. Shopping in cultural studies indicates a shift from production to consumption. Shopping is identified as a realm of social action, interaction and experience that increasingly structures the everyday practices of urban people.

Emphasizing the the imminent return of Christ and focusing on missionary activities and maximum absorption, the Pentecostal movement came to the fore in the early twentieth century. But decades later, due to the non-fulfillment of their prediction, they focused on the global, social culture issues. Church building, localization of churches and their leadership, cultural orientationism are among their cultural approaches as helping poor, paying attention to youth and their leadership in churches, urban and street advertising along with taking part in public affairs are among the most important social approaches of Pentecostalism. Using data analysis method and focusing on the Pentecostal written sources, this paper seeks to introduce the Pentecostal missionary social-cultural approaches and their challenges and problems such as Church building, leadership among the Pentecost and ignoring the elite communities.

Today, the cultural industries are increasingly important and will play a key role in the future of the world economy and culture. The main purpose of countries planning their economic future based on cultural industries is to preserve and develop their own culture first, and then economic dynamics. Taking into account the social and cultural geometry of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, preserving and developing one's own culture is a priority, and policy making in the cultural industries must be pursued. In addition, given that the planning of the Iranian economy in the recent years is in line with the resistive economy, the dynamics of cultural industries can contribute to the endogenous economic growth of the country and, consequently, be used to implement the resistive economy. This research was conducted through the analysis of the content of 35 in-depth interviews with cultural industry experts and practitioners. Using the content analysis method, four general themes have been identified as indexes of the cultural industries, which include: spreading the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the dynamics of the urban economy, being popular, and participatory. Each of the themes has also been identified in five key areas for the exploitation of indigenous cultural industries, including the areas of production, infrastructure, market, investment, and vocational education, and each has provided strategies and suggestions. The most important proposals include the creation of a new technology investment program, the creation of a city's cultural and artistic creativity register, the creation of a secretariat or council for the development of cultural industries, and the creation of a venture capital fund.

This article tries to present a brief description of the most prominent Western cultural sociology schools and the reasons for their emergence.These schools are the subject of discussion in Iranian universities with a glance at these schools two common principles are distinguished among these seemingly contradicting schools. In practice, these schools describe their own Caltural Research culture, highlight their deficiencies and undesirable dimensions and identify their weaknesses. Then, relying upon this, they present some solutions for improving the living conditions of people. Western sociology Thoughts in the field of culture can somehow contribute to the understanding of the roots of cultural issues among Iranian thinkers. Therefore, this article is also a typology of prevalent cultural discourses among Iranians who are involved in cultural studies. This article studies three cultural fields: 1) Anglo- Saxon thoughts based on the humanities; 2) Francophone thoughts on the basis of semiotics and semantics; and 3) German cultural critic. Finally, the author examines the old and new approaches to the discourse of enlightenment and the Lyotard's post-modern approach. She concludes that a transition from sociology to the interdisciplinary cultural studies is necessary. On the other hand, cultural necessity and the issue of the geographical aspects of Iranian Culturology are among the subjects discussed by the author.

This paper presents a new approach to examine the relationship between cultural approaching with cultural identity in Iran. Hence, the aim of this paper is to design a model to cultural identity, for explanation and understanding of cultural approaches in the Islamic Republic. The research method is survey documentary that after studying the documents, as well as the analysis of library resources, review the presented findings based on directed interview technique with hundred scholars and experts for providing comprehensive model of cultural approaching in Iran. The results show that there is a significant contribution to the 33.87 percent between “cultural identity” and cultural approaching. Also, there is a range of factors and targeted variables in cultural identity that leads to the perception of cultural approaching of the country.

Culture, as the most important element of identity in a society, guarantees sustenance of nation's independence and its very existence. Obviously, in today's world policy – making, programming and adaptation, culturally appropriate approach for growth and upgrading cultural human societies, becomes an imperative and vital. Hence the main objective of this article is to find out how tolerant the Islamic culture is in the face of cultural globalization. Could it maintain its basic principles in the ever changing cultural bonds due mainly to the fast changing technology and in particular the explosion of technology and mass communication? It appears that Islamic culture is so rich and elastic that could contribute to the globalization of culture in the direction of human brotherhood, peace and prosperity. Therefore cultural globalization is not only of no threat to Islamic culture but could borrow and implement Islamic principles in the process.

In order to strengthen their socio-cultural issues, cities adopt various approaches, including: sustainable development and resilience, etc. The aim of the current research is to select the best approach for socio-cultural development in the city of Isfahan, which is developmental-applicative in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and causal-survey in terms of nature. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in the city of Isfahan. The data was collected using the documentary-library method and questionnaire. The statistical population is experts and custodians of planning and development of urban affairs in the city of Isfahan, among them, 62 people of planning and development of urban affairs and 50 experts were selected by snowball method and the questionnaire was distributed among them. were prioritized using the techniques of TOPSIS, Fuzzy COPRAS, and Fuzzy ARAS techniques And with the SWOT technique, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the socio-cultural development were identified. The findings of TOPSIS, Fuzzy COPRAS and Fuzzy ARAS techniques show that: areas 2, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14 and15 should be prioritized in planning And in the SWOT technique, the strategies of expanding humanitarian activities and philanthropy, supporting vulnerable groups, creating sustainable employment, providing needed infrastructure in urban areas, applying housing incentive policies and revising urban development plans and programs are the most effective strategies.